From my observation (over 16 years), the main problem, none in organisation (regardless of job titles, CIO/CTO, test manager, test architect, principal software engineer, senior test automation engineer, .. ) has never seen/witnessed a single successful end-to-end (via UI) test automation.

https://zhiminzhan.medium.com/definition-of-end-to-end-test-automation-success-c668d914a87e